- Subcutaneous injection
The site of subcutaneous injection is usually selected where the skin is thin, the subcutaneous tissue is loose and the blood tube is less, such as the neck or the medial femoral subcutaneous area is the better site. All easily soluble, non-irritating drugs and vaccines, vaccines can be injected subcutaneously. During the injection, the assistant will secure the dog and cut the fur locally (for the long-haired poodle for fun, etc., in order to avoid affecting the appearance of the poodle due to shearing, the coat can be separated with a disinfectant cotton ball in the injection). After disinfection with a 70% alcohol cotton ball, the skin will be gently pinched with the thumb, index finger and middle finger of the left hand to form a fold. Insert the needle of the syringe into the skin of the fold with your right hand, about 1.5 ~ 2 cm deep. After the infusion of the liquid, press the skin of the needle with the wine cotton ball, pull out the needle, and gently press into the skin of the needle.
- Intramuscular injection
Generally, the less irritating liquid medicine and the more difficult to absorb the liquid medicine can be used for intramuscular injection, but the more irritating drugs, such as calcium chloride, hypertonic saline, etc., can not be used for muscle injection.
When intramuscular injection, you should choose the part of the muscle fullness without large blood vessels, such as the buttocks and back muscles. After the assistant keeps the dog well and disinfected, the surgeon uses the thumb and finger of the left hand to tighten the skin of the injection part, holds the syringe in the right hand, and quickly thrusts the needle into the skin at a 60 ‘Angle, about 2-2.5 cm deep, and pulls back the inner core of the needle without blood return, that is, the liquid medicine can be pushed into the muscle. After injection, the area should be disinfected again.
- Intravenous injection
The effect of intravenous injection is the fastest, and the large dose and irritating liquid medicine (such as calcium chloride, hypertonic glucose solution, hypertonic saline, etc.) should be injected intravenously. The site of intravenous injection can be selected from the neck vein (in the neck groove, the junction of the upper 1/3 of the neck and the middle 1/3, where the vein is shallow and easy to find), the internal vein above the wrist or the medial vein of the middle of the palm below the wrist, or the vein above the tarsal joint, the vein above the tarsal joint, and the vein of the medial thigh. During injection, use a rubber hose to ligate the centripetal end of the static vein at the injection site to make the veins tensified. After local hair shearing and disinfection, Pierce the needle parallel to the vertical axis of the static vein into the vein. If the needle is inserted correctly, blood flow can be seen immediately. At this time, loosen the tight hose, Pierce the needle along the vascular cavity, and then fix the needle, so that the liquid medicine slowly drops into (20 to 25 drops per minute). After the injection, the injection site should be pressed with an alcohol cotton ball, and then the needle should be pulled out and locally disinfected to prevent blood from flowing into the skin along the needle hole to form a hematoma. When intravenous injection must pay attention to the following points:
First, the syringe must be matched, the components must be tightly connected, the syringe and the needle must be unblocked, and strictly disinfected.
Second, it is necessary to carefully check the name, use, dosage and expiration of the injected drug. When more than two drugs are injected at the same time, attention should be paid to whether there are incompatibilities.
Third, the bubbles in the infusion hose should be drained before injection, and the liquid should be prevented from leaking outside the blood vessels during injection. During the injection process, attention should be paid to the burden of the heart to prevent acute heart failure caused by too fast injection.
Fourth, when irritating drugs leak into the skin, normal saline or distilled water can generally be injected into the surrounding tissue so that it is easy to be absorbed after dilution. When the leaking drug is calcium chloride, an appropriate amount of 10% sterile sodium sulfate solution can be injected and hot compress in the swelling area to promote dissipation and absorption.
- Small intraperitoneal injection
Some serious cases are often due to blood circulation disorders, intravenous injection is very difficult, and the peritoneal absorption rate is very fast, and large doses can be injected. In this case, intraperitoneal injection may be used. The injection site was the midpoint of the line between the umbilical cord and the front of the pelvis, with one side open beside the abdominal white line. Before injection, the dog was first made to lie on the side of the front and on the back. The two forelimbs were tied together, and the two hind limbs were respectively transferred backward and outward to fully expose the injection site and ensure the head was fixed. During injection, local disinfection is performed, the needle is vertically inserted into the skin, successively penetrating the abdominal muscle and peritoneum. When the needle punctures the peritoneum, there is no resistance and a sense of frustration. There is no air bubble or blood flow out of the needle, and there is no overflow of the contents of the organs. There is no resistance to the injection of sterile saline, indicating that the puncture is correct. At this time, the hose can be connected for injection.
During intraperitoneal injection, the liquid must be heated to 37 ~ 38 ° C, otherwise the temperature is too low to stimulate the intestinal tube, causing spastic abdominal pain. In order to facilitate absorption, the injected liquid is generally isotonic or hypotonic. If urine is found in the bladder, the abdomen should be gently pressed to encourage it to urinate, and then injected after empting. Injection dose; Dogs can be injected 200 a l 500 ml.
