Snake venom poisoning is a type of poisoning that occurs after being bitten by a venomous snake.
Hunting dogs and police dogs, which enter grassy and densely wooded areas for special tasks, are prone to this disease.
Diagnostic Points
Venomous snake bites in dogs are more common on the face, nose and limbs.
The closer the bite site is to the central nervous system and areas rich in blood vessels, the more severe the symptoms are. The clinical symptoms often vary depending on the type of snake venom.
First, the venom of gold ring snakes and silver ring snakes are neurotoxic. After the bite, the bleeding is small, redness, swelling, heat and pain and other local symptoms are mild, but acute systemic symptoms can appear within a few hours after the bite. Sick dogs moan in pain, excitement, generalized muscle tremor, dysphagia, foaming at the mouth, dilated pupils, decreased blood pressure, respiratory distress, arrhythmia, and finally paralysis of the limbs, lying on the ground, and ultimately suffocated due to respiratory muscle paralysis.
Secondly, the venom of viper, pit viper, bamboo leaf green, etc. is mostly blood circulation venom. Local symptoms are obvious, local severe pain, bleeding, rapid swelling, purple-black, extreme edema, often necrosis, swelling quickly upward development, generally after 6-8 hours can be extended to the entire head to the neck, or extended to the whole limb to the back and waist.
After the toxin is absorbed, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, oliguria, urinary closure, renal failure and hemorrhage in the chest and abdominal cavity, and finally death due to heart failure or shock.
Third, the venom of cobras and king cobras is mostly mixed venom. After biting, local symptoms such as redness, swelling, heat and pain and necrosis are obvious. After the absorption of toxin, the systemic symptoms are severe and complex, including various neurological symptoms caused by neurotoxicity and various clinical manifestations caused by hematotoxicity, and finally death due to asphyxiation or cardiac failure.
Treatment
In order to prevent the spread of venom, immediately after the bite, ligature should be applied above the wound (in the direction of the heart), but it should be loosened every 15-20 minutes for 1-2 minutes to avoid necrosis due to ischemia.
Immediately rinse the bite wound thoroughly with water or ammonia, then use a three-pronged needle to puncture or incise and expand the wound, so as to make the venom outflow, and check whether there are any fangs in the wound, and if there are any fangs, they should be removed.
Apply Ji Desheng Snake Medicine and Nantong Snake Medicine on the wound, or take Unicorn Root, Seven-leafed Lotus, White-flowered Snake Tongue Grass, etc., add vinegar and wine to mash them, and apply them on the affected part. Bite around the injection of 1% potassium permanganate solution, hydrogen peroxide or pepsin solution, or with 0.25 ~ 0.5% procaine solution closed.
In order to destroy the absorbed toxin, monovalent or multivalent antivenom can be injected slowly intravenously. In addition, cold compresses should be applied to the injured part, painkillers should be applied to prevent secondary infection and other symptomatic treatment.
